Complications Associated With The Chickenpox

Encephalitis

Encephalitis is a complication that can occur in individuals infected with the chickenpox. Encephalitis is characterized by sudden inflammation and swelling of the brain. Viral infections, including those from the varicella-zoster virus, are the most common cause of encephalitis. This complication happens when the virus travels through the infected individual's blood and then attacks their brain. The patient usually experiences a headache, fever, and photophobia or excessive light sensitivity as the first manifestations of encephalitis. Those symptoms are followed by confusion, general weakness, nausea, disorientation, problems with hearing, loss of memory, vomiting, hallucinations, seizures, unconsciousness, and coma. 

Encephalitis diagnosis is made using a neurological exam, lumbar puncture, CT scan, electroencephalograph, and MRI scans. Treatment for encephalitis includes the administration of anticonvulsant medications and corticosteroids to decrease inflammation in the brain. The affected individual may need mechanical ventilation or supplemental oxygen. Some patients may need sedative medications as part of their treatment. In rare cases, severe encephalitis can be life-threatening if the patient does not receive treatment.